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The medicine belongs to a class of medicines called "antifungals".
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Home Medicines Antifungal agents Diflucan 200, 50
Pharmacological action - diuretic.
Lasix 20mg Injection Solution, 4x2 €35.18
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Antiepileptic drugs of the phenyltriazine class.
Lamictal 5mg, 60 €23.06
USA

Diflucan 200, 50

€483.37

Pharmacological group antifungal agents

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SKU: Comgerpil35 Categories: Antifungal agents, Medicines Brand: Pfizer Pharma
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Description

Pharmacodynamics

Fluconazole, a triazole antifungal agent, is a potent selective inhibitor of sterol synthesis in the fungal cell.

Fluconazole has demonstrated in vitro activity in clinical studies against most of the following microorganisms: Candida albicans, Candida glabrata (many strains are moderately sensitive), Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans.

Fluconazole has been shown to be active in vitro against the following microorganisms, but its clinical significance is unknown: Candida dubliniensis, Candida guilliermondii, Candida kefyr, Candida lusitaniae.

When administered orally, fluconazole is active in various models of fungal infections in animals. The activity of the drug in opportunistic mycoses, incl. caused by Candida spp. (including generalized candidiasis in immunosuppressed animals), Cryptococcus neoformans (including intracranial infections), Microsporum spp. and Trychophyton spp. The activity of fluconazole has also been established in models of endemic mycoses in animals, including infections caused by Blastomyces dermatitides, Coccidioides immitis (including intracranial infections) and Histoplasma capsulatum in animals with normal and suppressed immunity.

Fluconazole has a high specificity for fungal enzymes dependent on cytochrome P450. Therapy with fluconazole at a dose of 50 mg / day for up to 28 days does not affect the concentration of testosterone in the blood plasma in men or the concentration of steroids in women of childbearing age. Fluconazole at a dose of 200-400 mg / day has no clinically significant effect on the levels of endogenous steroids and their response to ACTH stimulation in healthy male volunteers.

Mechanisms of development of resistance to fluconazole

Fluconazole resistance can develop in the following cases: a qualitative or quantitative change in the enzyme that is the target of fluconazole (lanosteril 14-α-demethylase), a decrease in access to the target of fluconazole, or a combination of these mechanisms.

Point mutations in the ERG11 gene encoding the target enzyme lead to a modification of the target and a decrease in affinity for azoles. An increase in the expression of the ERG11 gene leads to the production of high concentrations of the target enzyme, which creates a need to increase the concentration of fluconazole in the intracellular fluid to suppress all enzyme molecules in the cell.

The second significant mechanism of resistance is the active removal of fluconazole from the intracellular space through the activation of two types of transporters involved in the active removal (efflux) of drugs from the fungal cell. These transporters include the master messenger encoded by the MDR genes (multiple drug resistance) and the ATP-binding cassette transporter superfamily encoded by the CDR genes (candida resistance genes to azole antimycotics).

Overexpression of the MDR gene leads to resistance to fluconazole, while overexpression of the CDR genes can lead to resistance to various azoles.

Resistance to Candida glabrata is usually mediated by overexpression of the CDR gene, resulting in resistance to many azoles. For those strains in which the MIC is defined as intermediate (16–32 μg / ml), it is recommended to use the maximum dose of fluconazole.

Candida krusei should be considered resistant to fluconazole. The mechanism of resistance is associated with reduced sensitivity of the target enzyme to the inhibitory effect of fluconazole.

Original

Pharmakodynamik

Fluconazol, ein Triazol-Antimykotikum, ist ein potenter selektiver Inhibitor der Sterolsynthese in der Pilzzelle.

Fluconazol hat in klinischen Studien eine In-vitro-Aktivität gegen die meisten der folgenden Mikroorganismen gezeigt: Candida albicans, Candida glabrata (viele Stämme sind mäßig empfindlich), Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans.

Fluconazol hat sich in vitro als wirksam gegen die folgenden Mikroorganismen erwiesen, seine klinische Bedeutung ist jedoch unbekannt: Candida dubliniensis, Candida guilliermondii, Candida kefyr, Candida lusitaniae.

Bei oraler Verabreichung ist Fluconazol in verschiedenen Modellen von Pilzinfektionen bei Tieren aktiv. Die Aktivität des Arzneimittels bei opportunistischen Mykosen, inkl. verursacht durch Candida spp. (einschließlich generalisierter Candidiasis bei immunsupprimierten Tieren), Cryptococcus neoformans (einschließlich intrakranialer Infektionen), Microsporum spp. und Trychophyton spp. Die Aktivität von Fluconazol wurde auch in Modellen für endemische Mykosen bei Tieren nachgewiesen, einschließlich Infektionen, die durch Blastomyces dermatitides, Coccidioides immitis (einschließlich intrakranieller Infektionen) und Histoplasma capsulatum bei Tieren mit normaler und unterdrückter Immunität verursacht werden.

Fluconazol hat eine hohe Spezifität für Cytochrom-P450-abhängige Pilzenzyme. Die Therapie mit Fluconazol in einer Dosis von 50 mg / Tag für bis zu 28 Tage hat keinen Einfluss auf die Konzentration von Testosteron im Blutplasma bei Männern oder die Konzentration von Steroiden bei Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter. Fluconazol in einer Dosis von 200-400 mg/Tag hat bei gesunden männlichen Probanden keine klinisch signifikante Wirkung auf die Spiegel der endogenen Steroide und deren Reaktion auf die ACTH-Stimulation.

Mechanismen der Resistenzentwicklung gegen Fluconazol

Eine Fluconazol-Resistenz kann sich in den folgenden Fällen entwickeln: eine qualitative oder quantitative Veränderung des Enzyms, das das Ziel von Fluconazol ist (Lanosteril-14-α-Demethylase), ein verringerter Zugang zum Ziel von Fluconazol oder eine Kombination dieser Mechanismen.

Punktmutationen im ERG11-Gen, das das Zielenzym kodiert, führen zu einer Modifikation des Zielenzyms und einer Abnahme der Affinität für Azole. Eine Erhöhung der Expression des ERG11-Gens führt zur Produktion hoher Konzentrationen des Zielenzyms, wodurch die Notwendigkeit entsteht, die Konzentration von Fluconazol in der intrazellulären Flüssigkeit zu erhöhen, um alle Enzymmoleküle in der Zelle zu unterdrücken.

Der zweite wichtige Resistenzmechanismus ist die aktive Entfernung von Fluconazol aus dem intrazellulären Raum durch die Aktivierung von zwei Arten von Transportern, die an der aktiven Entfernung (Efflux) von Arzneimitteln aus der Pilzzelle beteiligt sind. Zu diesen Transportern gehören der Hauptbotenstoff, der von den MDR-Genen (Multiple Drug Resistance) codiert wird, und die Superfamilie der ATP-bindenden Kassettentransporter, die von den CDR-Genen (Candida-Resistenzgene gegen Azol-Antimykotika) codiert wird.

Eine Überexpression des MDR-Gens führt zu einer Resistenz gegen Fluconazol, während eine Überexpression der CDR-Gene zu einer Resistenz gegen verschiedene Azole führen kann.

Die Resistenz gegen Candida glabrata wird normalerweise durch eine Überexpression des CDR-Gens vermittelt, was zu einer Resistenz gegen viele Azole führt. Für die Stämme, bei denen die MHK als intermediär definiert ist (16–32 μg / ml), wird empfohlen, die maximale Dosis von Fluconazol zu verwenden.

Candida krusei sollte als resistent gegen Fluconazol angesehen werden. Der Resistenzmechanismus ist mit einer reduzierten Empfindlichkeit des Zielenzyms gegenüber der inhibitorischen Wirkung von Fluconazol verbunden.

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Weight 0.10 kg
Manufacturer

Pfizer Pharma

Dosage form

Capsules

Producing country

USA

Usage

Unisex

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